Evolution of Management Essay -- essays research papers

Over the past hundred years trouble has continuously been evolving. There have been a wide range of approaches in how to deal with management or better yet how to improve management functions in our ever changing environment. From as early as 1100 B.C managers have been struggling with the same issues and problems that managers face today. Modern managers use many of the practices, principles, and techniques developed from earlier concepts and experiences. The evolution of management though the decades can be divided into two study sections. One of the sections is the Hellenic approach. Under the classical approach efficiency and productivity became a critical concern of the managers at the turn of the 20th century. One of the approaches from the classical time period were systematic management which placed more emphasis on internal operations because managers were concerned with meeting the growth in pauperism brought on by the Industrial revolution. As a result managers becam e more concerned with physical things than towards the people therefore systematic management failed to lead to mathematical product efficiency. This became apparent to an engineer named Frederick Taylor who was the father of Scientific Management. Scientific Management was identified by four principles for which management should develop the best way to do a job, determine the optimum work pace, train people to do the job properly, and reward successful performance by using an incentive pay system. Scientifi...

Role of Women in Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Huckleberry Finn Role of Women   Throughout history women have been subject to sexual discrimination based on being the physically weaker gender and frankincense leading to societys negative view of women, there is no exception to the stigma cast on women in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. During the new(a) every character portraying a woman shows societys view on the role on women. The issue of sexism was never questioned by Mark Twain, which leads to another question--- how can such a powerful novel dealing with such a heated topic same(p) racial prejudices remain totally neutral and bypass altogether sexual inequality?   genius reason Twain may have overlooked the sexism of the time was because he too gave into societys connotation of womens roles. Olivia Clemens, his wife, was very much like Sally Phelps. She was dependent on her husband and served with no other true purpose in life than to run a house and bear children. But, did Twain look over sexi sm or support it? He may have had issues with women due to his own marriage. His wife never produced a healthy son, and she was always sickly. The dependent Olivia was even thought to immobilise his ability as a writer. So were the roles of women purposely placed in the novel to support his own opinions of women in the home?   Miss Watson plays into societys rules and regulations. Miss Watson, a tolerable slim archaic maid, with goggles on, had just come to live with her, and took a set at me now, with a spelling book. She worked on me middling big(a) for about an hour, then the wido made her ease up. I couldnt stood her much longer. (The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Twain, page 2) The word spinster came into common use during the early 19th century when the unthankful task of spinning cloth had been pushed off to unmarried women as a way to earn their keep in the home (OBrien, 1973). Miss Watson is the image of everything an old maid stands for. Contemporary use of the word conjures up a mental image of a childless, frumpy, middle-aged woman who is somewhat depressed, and is longing to be like other normal women.

Leadership :: essays research papers

are in an election year, and it is during such time candidates running for stance love to discuss assailables that are in the public eye. The latest topic among candidates stumping for political office is the decline of the American family. Many candidates address antithetic aspects of this bug out, but few politicians offer real solutions. I believe it is not the role of the federal government to legislate solutions for the problems families face within our country today. This business belongs to individual men who should work to protect and strengthen their family. Steve Farrars go for, Point Man, takes on the issue of male courseership and the importance it plays in the home. He tackles the issue from a Biblical perspective offering insight from Gods word throughout his book. The author writes, If hundreds of thousands of men seriously began to lead their own homes, the push on America would be far greater than one Christian man leading in the White House.   & nbsp Steve Farrar takes a hard hitting ascend from the very beginning the book by stressing the important role men play in the lives of their families. They are the Point men," who must take up the lead and guide their families through the war zone protecting them from the enemy. Farrar shows the casualty list is real by listing the most recent statistics for divorce, and teenage pregnancy. The emphasis in the second chapter deals with, Saving the boys. Todays little boys will grow to be tomorrows leaders, and husbands. He identifies the importance of a man outgo time with his children, by emphasizing the significance of physical and emotional support a child needs from a parent. The author quickly shifts from a mans family relationship with his children to the one he shares with his wife. He writes about how commitment has become cheap in our society, and is only kept if it is convenient. Farrar contrasts this attitude with the Biblical truth of lifelong commitment. A On e-Woman Kind of Man, remains faithful by always considering what his eyes see and mind thinks about. He deals directly with the seriousness of adultery, choosing not to tip-toe around the subject like society has chosen to do. While dealing with this topic the author provides valuable insights of how men can guard against the pitfall of this sin. The two key chapters of this book have to do with a mans personal relationship with God.

Cigarette Smoking is a Costly and Deadly Habit! Essay -- Argumentative

AbstractCigarette smoking is the greatest preventable travail of disease and premature death in the United States. Secondhand smoke causes numerous lung cancer deaths annually. Measures have been taken in both workplaces and public places to ensnare exposure to secondhand smoke. The economic cost of smokers to society is phenomenal- it includes monetary costs, lost workdays and shortened work lives. Many states are establishing and maintaining comprehensive tobacco-control programs to reduce tobacco use. They depart education to our youth to prevent them from ever starting and smoking cessation programs for individuals that currently wish to stop smoking. Education and support are known slipway to eventually prevent smoking in the future. Efforts to increase the public perception of the harmful effects of tobacco must utilize a comprehensive commence that affects policy development, education strategies and health care systems. Smoking is becoming more and more unfashionable as time goes on. There are many studies conducted viewing that secondhand smoke is a health hazard to both the smoker and anyone that relies on the same air supply, not to mention the unpleasantness and discomfort it causes those that do not smoke. The Environmental Protection Agency reports that it is estimated that secondhand smoke that emerges from exhaling and burning cigarettes causes approximately 3,000 lung cancer deaths and 37,000 heart disease deaths in nonsmokers each year. (Nolo, 2002). According to a 1998 put out poll, 94% of Americans, including both smokers and nonsmokers, agree that companies should either ban or restrict smoking to properly ventilated areas. Another Gallop poll indicates that 95% of nonsmokers, and 69% of smokers, think Californias ban on smoking in almost all workplaces is positive. Some companies are now refusing to hire anyone who admits to smoking on a conjecture application because of higher healthcare insurance, absenteeism, unemployment insur ance and workers compensation insurance associated with these individuals. (Nolo, 2002). Those that do not smoke feel it is an infringement of what they consider to be a tenable right not to have to breath other peoples cigarette smoke while at work. During the 1970s the dangers of secondhand smoke were origin to amass and a movement for nonsmokers emerged. When it was proven that secondhand smoke was ... ...ity and Mortality Weekly Report, Guidelines for School Health Programs to Prevent tobacco go for and Addiction, (Vol. 43). No. RR-2.Lee, P.R. (1994). Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People, A Report of the Surgeon General, Retrieved June 7, 2002, from http//www.cdc.gov/tobacco/sgryth2.htm.Nolo Law for All, (2002). Smoking in the Workplace Still a Burning Issue, Retrieved May 16, 2002, from http//www.nolo.com.lawcenter/ency/article.cfm/objectID/5622E54E-4494-B superpower of the Surgeon General, You Can Quit Smoking, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2002). Retr ieved June 10, 2002, from http//www.surgeongeneral.gov/tobacco/consquits.htm.State of Delaware, (2002, May 31). Governor Ruth Ann Minner Signs Landmark Ban on Smoking In Delawares Indoor Public Areas, Retrieved June 4, 2002 from http//www.state.de.us/governor/news/2002/05May/053102-SB99.htm.University of Nevada, Reno, Robert Shubinski, M.D., (1999, March 9). Costs of Tobacco Use, Retrieved May 16, 2002 from http//unr.edu/homepage/subinsk/smokost1.htmU.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Preventing Tobacco Use Among Young People, A Report of the Surgeon General, (1994).

Synchronous and Asynchronous Mode :: essays research papers

Synchronous and Asynchronous modeIn telecommunication signaling inside a ne cardinalrk or between networks, synchronous signals argon those that occur at the same clock rate when all clocks are ground on a single reference clock. Synchronous communication requires that each end of an exchange of communication respond in turn without initiating a juvenile communication.An asynchronous signal is one that is transmitted at a different clock rate than another signal. Asynchronous operation also means that a process operates independently of other processes, whereas synchronous operation means that the process threads only as a result of some other process creation completed or handing off operation.Analog and Digital Analog communication employs continuous transmission of an electromagnetic wave form that varies in frequency and amplitude.A digital communication system uses discontinuous transmission that may vary in frequency, amplitude and/or phase to represent binary data.Simplex and duplex houseA communications network can provide many shells of service. The most basic type of service is known as simplex. This service provides one-way communication. Examples of this type of service are TV distribution, and the transmission of burglar alarm messages.Most networks transfer data in two directions and are known as duplex communications links. Duplex links are classified as either full duplex or half duplex (also known as two ways alternate), depending upon whether both local and remote nodes may simultaneously transmit, or whether one must wait for the other to finish before starting transmission. ensuant and Parallel TransmissionIn telecommunication, serial transmission is the sequential transmission of the signal elements of a group representing a character or other entity of data. The characters are transmitted in a sequence over a single line, rather than simultaneously over two or more lines, as in parallel transmission. The sequential elements may be transmitted with or without interruption. A parallel link transmits several streams of data (representing particular bits of a stream of bytes) on multiple channels (wires, printed circuit tracks, optical fibres, etc.).Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP)and Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)SLIP and PPP are two communication protocols which appropriate a computer connected to a server via a serial line (such as a modem) to become an actual node on the internet. This allows you to run network applications on your home computer directly. While SLIP and PPP are largely similar, there are some key differences. PPP is a newer protocol, better designed, and more acceptable to the sort of people who like to standardize protocol specifications.

Night World : Huntress Chapter 4

Rule Number unmatchable of living with humans. Always wash the blood saturnine before coming in the house.Jez stood at the issuedoor faucet, icy-cold water splashing over her hands. She was scrubbing- carefully-along, slim dagger made of split bamboo, with a cutting saltation as sharp as glass. When it was clean, sheslipped it into her right knee-high boot. Then she daubed water over several stains on her T-shirt andjeans and scrubbed them with a fingernail. Finally she whipped pop a pocket mirror and examined herface critically.The girl who looked ski binding didnt much resemble the wild, laughing huntress who had leaped from tree totree in Muir Woods. Oh, the features were the same the height of cheekbone, the toot of chin. Theyhad even fined out a bit because she was a year older. The red flag of whisker was the same, too, althoughnow it was pulled back in an attempt to tame its blinking(a) disorder. The difference was in the expression,which was sadder and wiser than Jez had ever imagined she could be, and in the eyes.The eyes werent as silvery as they had been, not as sternly beautiful. But that was only to beexpected. She had notice that she didnt pick out to drink blood as long as she didnt use her vampirepowers. Human food kept her alive-and made her look more human.One early(a) thing about the eyes. They were scarily vulnerable, even to Jez. No matter how she tried tomake them hard and menacing, they had the wounded look of a deer that bashs its deprivation to die andaccepts it. Some successions she wondered if that was an omen.Well. No blood on her face. She shoved the mirror back in her pocket. She was mostly presentable, ifextremely late for dinner. She turned the faucet move out and headed for the back door of the low, sweepingranch house.Everyone looked up as she came in.The family was in the kitchen, eating at the oak table with the white trim, downstairs the bright fluorescentlight. The TV was blaring cheerfully from the family room. Uncle Jim, her mothers brother, was munchingtacos and leafing through the mail. He had red hair darker than Jezs and a long face that looked almostas medieval as Jezs mothers had. He was usually off in a gentle, worried dream somew here(predicate). Now hewaved an envelope at Jez andgazed at her reproachfully, nevertheless he couldnt prescribe anything because his express was full. aunty Nanami was on the phone, drinking a diet Coke. She was small, with dark shiny hair and eyes thatturned to crescents when she smiled. She opened her let out and frowned at Jez, but couldnt sayanything, all.Ricky, who was ten, had carroty hair and expressive eyebrows. He gave Jez a big smile that showedchewed-up taco in his mouth and said, HiJez smiled back. No matter what she did, Ricky was on that point for her.Claire, who was Jezs age, was session primly, eating bits of taco with her fork. She looked similar a smallerversion of aunt Nan, but with a very sour expression.Where have you b een? she said. We waited dinner almost an minute of arc for you and you never evencalled.Sorry, Jez said, looking at all of them. It was such an incredibly normal family scene, so completelytypical, and it struck her to the heart.It was over a year since she had walked out of the Night World to find these people, her mothers relatives. It was eleven and a half(a) months since Uncle Jim had taken her in, not knowing anything abouther except that she was his orphaned niece and that her fathers family couldnt handle her anymore andhad addicted up on her. All these months, she had lived with the Goddard family- and she politic didnt fit in.She could look human, she could act human, but she couldnt be human.Just as Uncle Jim swallowed and got his mouth clear to speak to her, she said, Im not hungry. I thinkIll simply go do my homework.Uncle Jim called, Wait a minute, after her, but it was Claire who slammed down her napkin andactually followed Jez through the hall to the other side of the house.What do you mean, Sorry? You do this every day. Youre always disappearing half the time you stayout until after midnight, and then you dont even have an explanation.Yeah, I know, Claire. Jez answered without looking back. Illtry to do better.You say that every time. And every time its exactly the same. Dont you realize that my parents worryabout you? Dont you even care?Yes, I care, Claire.You dont act akin it. You act like rules dont apply to you. And you say sorry, but youre just press release todo it again.Jez had to mention herself from turning round and snapping at her cousin. She liked everyone else in thefamily, but Claire was a royal pain.Worse, she was a shrewd royal pain. And she was right Jez was going to do it again, and on that point was noway she could explain.The thing was, vampire hunters have to keep weird hours.When youre on the trail of a vampire-and-shapeshifter killing team, as Jez had been this evening, chasingthem through the slums ofOakland , trying to get them cornered in some crack housewhere there arent teeny-weeny kids to get hurt, you dont think about missing dinner. You dont stop in themiddle of staking the undead to phone home.Maybe I shouldnt have suffer a vampire hunter, Jez thought. But its a little late to change now, andsomebodys got to protect these stupid- these innocent humans from the Night World.Oh, well.Shed reached the door of her bedroom. Instead of yelling at her cousin, she simply half turned and said,Why dont you go work on your Web page, Claire? Then she opened the door and glanced inside.And froze.Her room, which she had left in military neatness, was a shambles. The window was widely open. Papersand clothes were scattered across the ball over. And there was a very large graverobber standing at the foot of the bed.The graverobber opened its mouth menacingly at Jez.Oh, very funny, Claire was saying, right behind her. Maybe I should help you with your homework. Ihear youre not doing so great i n chemistry-Jez locomote fast, stepping nimbly inside the door and slamming it in Claires face, pressing the little knob inthe handle to lock it.Hey Now Claire sounded really mad. Thats rudeUh, sorry, Claire Jez faced the graverobber. What was it doing here? If it had followed her home, she was inbad trouble. That meant the Night Worldknew where she was. You know, Claire, I think I really need to be alone for a little while-I cant talkand do my homework. She took a step toward the creature, watching its reaction.Ghouls were semi-vampires. They were what happened to a human who was bled out but didnt getquite enough vampire blood in exchange to become a true vampire. They were undead but rotting. Theyhad very little mind, and only one idea in the world to drink blood, which they usually did by eating asmuch of a human body as possible. They liked hearts.This ghoul was a new one, about two weeks dead. It was male and looked as if it had been abody-builder, although by now it wasnt s o much buff as puffed. Its body was swollen with the gas ofdecomposition. Its tongue and eyes were protruding, its cheeks were chipmunk-like, and bloody fluidwas leaking from its nose.And of course it didnt smell good.As Jez edged closer, she suddenly realized that the ghoul wasnt alone. She could now square up virtually thefoot of the bed, and there was a male child lying on the carpet, apparently unconscious. The boy had light hairand rumpled clothes, but Jez couldnt see his face. The ghoul was stooping over him, reaching for himwith sausage-shaped fingers.I dont think so, Jez told it softly. She could feel a dangerous smile settling on her face. She reachedinto her right boot and pulled out the dagger.What did you say? Claire shouted from the other side of the door.Nothing, Claire. Just getting out my homework. Jez jumped onto the bed The ghoul was very big-sheneeded all the height she could get.The ghoul turned to face her, its lackluster bugeyes on the dagger. It made a litt le hissing sound aroundits swollen tongue. Fortunately that was all the noise it could make.Claire was rattling the door. Did you lock this? What are you doing in there?Just studying, Claire. Go away. Jez snapped a foot toward the ghoul, catching it under the chin. Sheneeded to stun it and stake it fast Ghouls werent smart, but like the Energizer Bunny they kept going andgoing. This one could eat the entire Goddard family tonight and still be hungry at dawn. The ghoul hit the wall opposite the bed. Jez jumped down, putting herself between it and the boy on thefloor.What was that noise? Claire yelled. I dropped a book.The ghoul swung. Jez ducked. There were giant blisters on its arms, the brownish color of old blood.It rushed her, trying to slam her against the chest of drawers. Jez flung herself backward, but she didnthave much room to maneuver. It caught her in the stomach with an elbow, a jarring blow.Jez wouldnt let herself double over. She twisted and helped the ghoul in the dir ection it was alreadygoing, giving it impetus with her foot. It smacked into the window seat, facedown.What is going on in there?Just looking for something. Jez moved before the ghoul could recover, jumping to straddle its legs. Shegrabbed its hair-not a good idea it came off in clumps in her hand. Kneeling on it to keep it still, sheraised the sum bamboo knife high and brought it down hard.There was a puncturing sound and a terrible smell. The knife had penetrated just under the shoulderblade, six inches into the heart.The ghoul convulsed once and stop moving.Claires voice came piercingly from behind the closed in(p) door. Mom Shes doing something in thereThen Aunt Nans voice Jez, are you all right?Jez stood, pulling her bamboo dagger out, wiping it on the ghouls shirt. Im just having a little troublefinding a ruler. The ghoul was in a perfect position. She put her arms around its waist, ignoring thefeeling of skin slipping loose under her fingers, and heaved it up onto the windo w seat. There werent many an(prenominal) human girls who could have picked up almost two hundred pounds of dead weight, and even Jezended up a little breathless. She gave the ghoul a shove, axial rotation it over until it reached the open window,then she stuffed and maneuvered it out. It fell heavily into a bed of impatiens, squashing the flowers.Good. Shed haul it away later tonight and dispose of it.Jez caught her breath, brushed off her hands, and closed the window. She drew the curtains shut, thenturned. The fair-haired boy was lying perfectly still. Jez touched his back gently, saw that he wasbreathing.The door rattled and Claires voice rose hysterically. Mom, do you smell that smell?Aunt Nan called, JezComing Jez glanced around the room. She needed something there. The bed.Grabbing a handful of material near the head of the bed, she flipped comforter, blankets and sheets overso they trailed off the foot, completely covering the boy. She tossed a couple of pillows on top of th e pile for good measure, then grabbed a ruler off the desk. Then she opened the door, leaned against the doorframe casually, and summoned her brightest smile.Sorry about that, she said. What can I do for you?Claire and Aunt Nan just stared at her.Claire looked like a rumpled, angry kitten. The fine dark hair that framed her face was ruffled she wasbreathing hard, and her almond-shaped eyes were flashing sparks. Aunt Nan looked more worried anddismayed.Are you okay? she said, leaning in slightly to try and get a look at Jezs room. We heard a lot ofnoise.And youd have heard more earlier if you hadnt been watching TV. Im fine. Im great. You know howit is when you cant find something. Jez liftedthe ruler. Then she stepped back and opened the door farther.Aunt Nans eyes widened as she took in the mess. Jez this does not happen when you cant find aruler. This looks like Claires room.Claire made a choked sound of indignation. It does not. My rooms never been this bad. And whatsthat smell? She slipped by Aunt Nan and advanced on Jez, who sidestepped to keep her from getting tothe pile of blankets.Claire stopped dead anyway, her face wrinkling. She put a hand to cover her nose and mouth. Its you,she said, pointing at Jez. You smell like that.Sorry. It was true what with all the contact shed had with the ghoul, and the dirty knife in her boot,she was pretty ripe. I think I stepped in something on the way home.I didnt smell anything when you came in, Claire said suspiciously.And thats another thing, Aunt Nan said. She had been glancing around the room, but there wasnothing suspicious to see except the unusual clutter-the curtains hung motionless over the shut windowthe pile of bedding on the floor was still. Now she turned to face Jez again. You didnt call to say youwere going to miss dinner again. I need to know where you go after school, Jez. I need to know whenyoure going to be out late. Its common courtesy.I know. Ill remember next time. I really will. Jez said it as sincerely as possible, and in a tone shehoped would close the subject. She needed to get rid of these people and look at the boy under theblankets. He might be poorly hurt.Aunt Nan was nodding. Youd better. And youd better take a shower before you do anything else.Throw your clothes in the laundry room Ill put them in the wash. She made as if to kiss Jez on thecheek, but stopped, wrinkled her nose, and then just nodded again at her.And thats it? Thats all? Claire was looking at her mother in disbelief. Mom, shes up to something,cant you see that? She comes in late, smelling like dead skunk and sewage and I dont know what, andthen she locks herself in and bangs around and lies, and all youre going to say is Dont do it again? She gets away with everything around here-Claire, quit it. She said she was sorry. Im sure she wont let it happen again.If I did something like that youd skin me, but, no, if Jez does it, it must be okay. Well, Ill enounce yousomething else. She cut school tod ay. She left before sixth period.Is that true, Jez? a new voice asked. Uncle Jim was standing in the doorway, pulling at his chin withlong fingers. He looked sad.It was true. Jez had left early to set up a trap for the vampire and shapeshifter. She looked at her uncleand made a regretful motion with her head and shoulders.Jez, you just cant do that. Im trying to be reasonable, but this is only the second week of school.You cant start this kind of behavior again. It cant be like last year. He thought. From now on, you march on your motorcycle at home. You drive to school and back with Claire, in the Audi.Jez nodded. Okay, Uncle Jim, she said out loud. Now go away, she added silently. Thin curls ofanxiety were churning in her stomach.thank you. He smiled at her.See? Claire jumped in, her voice hitting a note to shatter glass. This is just what Im talking about Younever yell at her, either Is it because youre afraid shell run away, like she did from her dads relatives?So everybody has to walk on eggshells around her because otherwise shell just take off-Okay, thats it. Im not listening to any more of this. Aunt Nan waved a hand at Claire, then turnedaround to shoo Uncle Jim out of her path. Tm going to clean up the dinner table. If you two want to fight,do it quietly.No, its better if they do their homework, Uncle Jim said, moving slowly. Both of you, do yourhomework, okay? He looked at Jez in a way that was probably meant to be commanding, but came outwistful. And tomorrow come home on time.Jez nodded. Then both adults were gone, but Claire was staring after them. Jez couldnt be sure, but shethought there were tears in her eyes.Jez felt a pang. Of course, Claire was dead on about the leeway Aunt Nan and Uncle Jim gave her. Andof course, it wasnt fair to Claire.I should say something to her. Poor little thing. She really feels bad.But before she could open her mouth, Claire whirled around. The eyes that had been wet a moment agowere flashing.You just wait, she sa id. They dont see through you, but I do. Youre up to something, and Im goingto find out what it is. And dont think I cant do it.She turned and stalked out the door. Jez stood for an instant, speechless, then she blinked and closed the door. She locked it. And then forthe first time since shed seen the ghoul, she allowed herself to let out a long breath.That had been close. And Claire was serious, which was going to be a problem. But Jez didnt have timeto think about it now.She turned the clock radiocommunication on her nightstand to a rock station. A loud one. Then she flipped the coversoff the foot of the bed and knelt.The boy was lying facedown, with one arm stretched over his head. Jez couldnt see any blood. Shetook his shoulder and carefully rolled him over.And stopped breathing.Hugh.

Same Sex Schools vs Co-Ed Schools

Summary The government of Trinidad and Tobago has been proposing the idea to introduce more same co- tuition shallows. Co-education means boys and girls at tending the same school and sharing the same classrooms. Although, according to the article disciples who attend same get offual urge schools academically outperform those in co-educational schools, particularly female same sex schools. An seam concludes that co-educational schools help with the hidden curriculum of schools. Theoretical DiscussionEducation is one aspect of socialization it involves the acquisition of knowledge and the learning of skills, whether, intentionally or unintentionally, education often also helps to shape beliefs and moral values. (Haralambos 2004). The education system consist of a formal and a hidden curriculum, formal, being the standardized curriculum which professionals ar hired to relate the curriculum within a classroom setting and the hidden curriculum argon the social attitudes and values taught in school that touch on children to accept the requirements of adult life and to fit into the social, political and economic statuses the society provides.It is generally recognizedthat girls do better academically at single sex schools, as do boys. The theory is that because girls mature faster than boys and it can be difficult for t each(prenominal)ers to accommodate the differences in development rates in a co-education environment. different contributing factors are simply that there are fewer distractions for both boys and girls in a single sex environment.Another benefit of a single sex education is the freedom to make educational choices without worrying that you may be the only girl or boy in the class or the menace of judgment because you want to study traditionally masculine subjects like physics and technical drawing, or traditionally girly subjects like literature and home education. The question is are these single sex schools creating socially enabled person s? A co-educational environment maybe more reflective of society this is because it encourages competition between boys and girls.Both sexes naturally go away compete against each other in exams and that competitive spirit will encourage everyone to do their best. Also, it replicates basic opposite sex interaction which is unquestionably present and needed in society, therefore, they get a different perspective of things as well as learn to understand one another better. With the interaction in class, even the shyest student will feel comfortable with the opposite sex and can soon work together normally.Opinion In my view being in a co-education school does not mean socializing with the opposite sex only. It means that a student can maintain a balance when choosing friends and learn to treat everyone the same. Also, I really think being in a co-educational school promotes better behavior. Boys are naturally rough by nature and girls more gentle. When both sexes interact, the boys t end to tone down their behavior so that the girls will be friends with them.I feel that some boys in single-sex schools do not know how to behave when they meet girls. nigh act like hooligans or shy away when, in fact, if they were in a co-educational school, they would be above all that, given the exceptions. Therefore, I think that students from co-educational schools will be more mature and will be quicker to adept to society fulfilling the hidden curriculums with a slight dwindle on the formal curriculum.

Jean Watson

blue jean Watsons supposition of gracious sympathize with Heidijo Elyea Olivet Naz bene University Theoretical and Professional Foundations of Nursing MSN SP2013 NRSG-653-54 Theresa Williams March 19, 2013 softw ar documentation of Authorship I tell that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully decl atomic number 18 and disclosed in the paper. I have as well as cited any sources from which I utilise data, ideas, or words, every quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specific exclusivelyy for the purpose of this assignment.Your Signature _____Heidijo Elyea____________________________ Jean Watsons Theory of mercifuls Caring Jean Watsons Theory of tender-hearted Caring focuses on holistic fright of the patient and understanding the power of a meaningful healing(p) relationship. The theory is a middle-range theory and is based on the role of care and the impart of caring on heal ing. Caring is a moral ideal of breast feeding that involves mind, body, and soul engagement with another, which can be uttered through treat interventions (Chinn & Kramer, 2011).Many nurses have adopted Jean Watsons Caring Theory in their avouch practice. Nursing has a commitment to protect, enhance, and preserve their customers humanity by helping them restore harmony. Caring moments should transform both the patient and nurse, as they are linked together. Educational History Jean Watson earned her BSN, MS, and PhD degrees all at University of Colorado. She was also the former dean in the College of Nursing and founded the Center for Human Caring (Parker & Smith, 2010). Watsons undergraduate and graduate degrees are in nursing and mental health nursing.Her PhD is in educational psychology and counseling. Jean Watson also serves as director of the Watson Caring Science Institute, which is a noncommercial company she founded and is dedicated to promoting the work of caring, scie nce, and heart-centered nursing (Parker & Smith, 2010). Overview of Theory of Human Caring Major Elements There are four major elements in Jean Watsons Theory of Human Caring. The four elements are the ten carative factors/clinical caritas playes, transpersonal caring relationships, caring moment/occasion, and caring-healing modalities.Carative factors are a guide and process in which a person cares for another and does all they can to protect, support, enhance, and maintain his or her quality of liveliness. Transpersonal caring is a clock time when the nurse and patient come together and has an influence on each other. Caring should not be d bingle and only(a) as a chore as an assignment as it is an ethical deliberate action. Caring moments occur when two people come together with unity person existence the care recipient. Watson also developed the concept of clinical caritas that evolved from carative factors.Caritas means to shelter and expands on the relationship between caring and healing for self and others (Parker & Smith, 2010). Original Carative Factors Dr. Watson started her theory with ten carative factors, which she later(prenominal) evolved into clinical caritas processes. The ten factors are 1. Formation of a humanistic- altruistic border of values. 2. Instillation of faith-hope. 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to ones self and to others. 4. Establishing a helping-trusting relationship, human caring relationship. 5.Promotion and acceptance of the port of feelings, both cocksure and negative 6. The dustatic use of a creative problem-solving caring process. 7. Promotion of system and subjective life world of self and one cosmos cared for. 6. self-opinionated use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes transpersonal teaching-learning. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective and /or corrective mental, physical, societal, and apparitional environment. 9. Assistance with the gratification of human need. 10. hire for exp eriential-phenomenological-spiritual forces. Parker & Smith, 2010) Clinical Caritas Processes Watsons evolved carative factors became clinical caritas processes evokes a way for nurses to be more open and adds a spiritual touch to the relationship. The clinical caritas processes are 1. Formation of humanistic-altruistic system of values becomes the practice of loving kindness and equanimity within the context of caring consciousness. 2. Instillation of faith-hope becomes being authentically present, and enabling and deep belief system and subjective life world of self and one being cared for. 3.Cultivation of sensitivity to ones self and to others becomes cultivation of ones own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion. 4. Development of a helping-trusting, human caring relationship becomes developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship. 5. Promotion and acceptance of the express ion of positive and negative feelings, becomes being present to, and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one being cared for. 6.Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring- healing practices. 7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning becomes engaging in genuine learning realize that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others frame of reference. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment becomes creating healing environment at all levels (a physical and nonphysical, subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby holeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and stay are potentiated). 9. Assistance with gratification of human needs becomes assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering human care essentials, which potentiate alignment of mind-body-spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care, tending to both embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence. 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces becomes opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious, and existential dimensions of ones own life-death soul care for self and the one-being-care-for. Parker & Smith, 2010). The first base three carative factors form the philosophical foundation for the science of caring. The remaining seven carative factors spring from the foundation determined by these first three (Parker & Smith, 2010). Implications of the Caring Theory Jean Watson feels her theory can be considered a philosophical and moral/ethical foundation for nonrecreational nursing and part of the central focus for nursing at the disciplinary level (Parker & Smith, 2010). The theory offers a framework that encompasses t he arts, sciences, humanities, spirituality, and evolving dimensions of holistic medicine and nursing.The exemplification is an invitation to work together and experiment with the ideas and the philosophy. Watson offers up several questions to measure where we are as nurses within the framework of the Caring Science. Is there congruence between the values and major concepts and beliefs in the model and the given nurse, group, system, organization, curriculum, population needs, clinical administrative setting, or other entity that is considering interacting with the caring model to transform and/or improve practice? What is ones view of human? And what it means to be human, caring, healing, becoming, growing, transforming, etc. Such thinking in regard to this philosophical question can guide ones worldview and help to clarify where one whitethorn locate self within the caring framework. Are those interacting and engaging in the model evoke in their own personal evolution? Are th ey affiliated to seeking authentic connections and caring-healing relationships with self and others? Are those involved conscious of their caring caritas or noncaring consciousness and advisedly in a given moment and at an individual and system level? Are they interested and committed to expanding their caring consciousness and actions to self, other, environment, nature and wider world? Are those working within the model interested in shifting their focus from a modern medical science-technocure orientation to a true caring-healing-loving model (Parker & Smith, 2010)? Strengths and Limitations Jean Watsons theory has many another(prenominal) strengths, as it is logical, generalizable, and relatively simple.The theory is based on phenomenological studies that ask questions rather than state hypotheses and can be used to guide and improve practice. Supported by the hypothetic work of numerous humanists, philosophers, developmentalists and psychologists. This theory places the client in the context of the family, the community and the culture and places the client as the focus on practice rather than the technology. Limitations of Dr. Watsons theory are few, but the main limitation is that the carative factors primarily address the psychosocial needs.The physical and biological needs appear secondary. Conclusion Watsons theory interprets many useful concepts for nursing practice. She also ties together other theories used in nursing education. The ten carative factors and caritas processes provide guidance to nurses wishing to improve their nursing practice. References Chinn, P. L. , & Kramer, M. K. (2011). structured knowledge development in nursing (8th ed. ). St. Louis Mosby. Parker, M. , & Smith, M. (2010). Nursing theories & nursing practice 3rd ed. ). Philadelphia F. A. Davis Company.Jean WatsonJean Watsons Theory of Human Caring Heidijo Elyea Olivet Nazarene University Theoretical and Professional Foundations of Nursing MSN SP2013 NRSG-653-54 The resa Williams March 19, 2013 Certification of Authorship I certify that I am the author of this paper and that any assistance I received in its preparation is fully acknowledged and disclosed in the paper. I have also cited any sources from which I used data, ideas, or words, either quoted directly or paraphrased. I also certify that this paper was prepared by me specifically for the purpose of this assignment.Your Signature _____Heidijo Elyea____________________________ Jean Watsons Theory of Human Caring Jean Watsons Theory of Human Caring focuses on holistic care of the patient and understanding the power of a meaningful therapeutic relationship. The theory is a middle-range theory and is based on the role of care and the influence of caring on healing. Caring is a moral ideal of nursing that involves mind, body, and soul engagement with another, which can be expressed through nursing interventions (Chinn & Kramer, 2011).Many nurses have adopted Jean Watsons Caring Theory in thei r own practice. Nursing has a commitment to protect, enhance, and preserve their clients humanity by helping them restore harmony. Caring moments should transform both the patient and nurse, as they are linked together. Educational History Jean Watson earned her BSN, MS, and PhD degrees all at University of Colorado. She was also the former dean in the College of Nursing and founded the Center for Human Caring (Parker & Smith, 2010). Watsons undergraduate and graduate degrees are in nursing and mental health nursing.Her PhD is in educational psychology and counseling. Jean Watson also serves as director of the Watson Caring Science Institute, which is a nonprofit company she founded and is dedicated to promoting the work of caring, science, and heart-centered nursing (Parker & Smith, 2010). Overview of Theory of Human Caring Major Elements There are four major elements in Jean Watsons Theory of Human Caring. The four elements are the ten carative factors/clinical caritas processes, transpersonal caring relationships, caring moment/occasion, and caring-healing modalities.Carative factors are a guide and process in which a person cares for another and does all they can to protect, support, enhance, and maintain his or her quality of life. Transpersonal caring is a time when the nurse and patient come together and has an influence on each other. Caring should not be done as a chore as an assignment as it is an ethical deliberate action. Caring moments occur when two people come together with one person being the care recipient. Watson also developed the concept of clinical caritas that evolved from carative factors.Caritas means to cherish and expands on the relationship between caring and healing for self and others (Parker & Smith, 2010). Original Carative Factors Dr. Watson started her theory with ten carative factors, which she later evolved into clinical caritas processes. The ten factors are 1. Formation of a humanistic- altruistic system of values. 2. Inst illation of faith-hope. 3. Cultivation of sensitivity to ones self and to others. 4. Establishing a helping-trusting relationship, human caring relationship. 5.Promotion and acceptance of the expression of feelings, both positive and negative 6. The systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process. 7. Promotion of system and subjective life world of self and one being cared for. 6. Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes transpersonal teaching-learning. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective and /or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment. 9. Assistance with the gratification of human needs. 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces. Parker & Smith, 2010) Clinical Caritas Processes Watsons evolved carative factors became clinical caritas processes evokes a way for nurses to be more open and adds a spiritual touch to the relationship. The clinical caritas processes are 1. Formation of humanistic- altruistic system of values becomes the practice of loving kindness and equanimity within the context of caring consciousness. 2. Instillation of faith-hope becomes being authentically present, and enabling and deep belief system and subjective life world of self and one being cared for. 3.Cultivation of sensitivity to ones self and to others becomes cultivation of ones own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self, opening to others with sensitivity and compassion. 4. Development of a helping-trusting, human caring relationship becomes developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship. 5. Promotion and acceptance of the expression of positive and negative feelings, becomes being present to, and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings as a connection with deeper spirit of self and the one being cared for. 6.Systematic use of a creative problem-solving caring process becomes creative use of self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process to engage in artistry of caring- healing practices. 7. Promotion of transpersonal teaching-learning becomes engaging in genuine learning experience that attends to unity of being and meaning, attempting to stay within others frame of reference. 8. Provision for a supportive, protective, and/or corrective mental, physical, societal, and spiritual environment becomes creating healing environment at all levels (a physical and nonphysical, subtle environment of energy and consciousness, whereby holeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiated). 9. Assistance with gratification of human needs becomes assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering human care essentials, which potentiate alignment of mind-body-spirit, wholeness, and unity of being in all aspects of care, tending to both embodied spirit and evolving spiritual emergence. 10. Allowance for existential-phenomenological-spiritual forces beco mes opening and attending to spiritual-mysterious, and existential dimensions of ones own life-death soul care for self and the one-being-care-for. Parker & Smith, 2010). The first three carative factors form the philosophical foundation for the science of caring. The remaining seven carative factors spring from the foundation laid by these first three (Parker & Smith, 2010). Implications of the Caring Theory Jean Watson feels her theory can be considered a philosophical and moral/ethical foundation for professional nursing and part of the central focus for nursing at the disciplinary level (Parker & Smith, 2010). The theory offers a framework that encompasses the arts, sciences, humanities, spirituality, and evolving dimensions of holistic medicine and nursing.The model is an invitation to work together and experiment with the ideas and the philosophy. Watson offers up several questions to assess where we are as nurses within the framework of the Caring Science. Is there congruenc e between the values and major concepts and beliefs in the model and the given nurse, group, system, organization, curriculum, population needs, clinical administrative setting, or other entity that is considering interacting with the caring model to transform and/or improve practice? What is ones view of human? And what it means to be human, caring, healing, becoming, growing, transforming, etc. Such thinking in regard to this philosophical question can guide ones worldview and help to clarify where one may locate self within the caring framework. Are those interacting and engaging in the model interested in their own personal evolution? Are they committed to seeking authentic connections and caring-healing relationships with self and others? Are those involved conscious of their caring caritas or noncaring consciousness and intentionally in a given moment and at an individual and system level? Are they interested and committed to expanding their caring consciousness and actions t o self, other, environment, nature and wider universe? Are those working within the model interested in shifting their focus from a modern medical science-technocure orientation to a true caring-healing-loving model (Parker & Smith, 2010)? Strengths and Limitations Jean Watsons theory has many strengths, as it is logical, generalizable, and relatively simple.The theory is based on phenomenological studies that ask questions rather than state hypotheses and can be used to guide and improve practice. Supported by the theoretical work of numerous humanists, philosophers, developmentalists and psychologists. This theory places the client in the context of the family, the community and the culture and places the client as the focus on practice rather than the technology. Limitations of Dr. Watsons theory are few, but the main limitation is that the carative factors primarily address the psychosocial needs.The physical and biological needs appear secondary. Conclusion Watsons theory prov ides many useful concepts for nursing practice. She also ties together other theories used in nursing education. The ten carative factors and caritas processes provide guidance to nurses wishing to improve their nursing practice. References Chinn, P. L. , & Kramer, M. K. (2011). Integrated knowledge development in nursing (8th ed. ). St. Louis Mosby. Parker, M. , & Smith, M. (2010). Nursing theories & nursing practice 3rd ed. ). Philadelphia F. A. Davis Company.

Literary Techniques Essay

Kate Chopins A Pair of Silk Stockings and Desirees Baby be two great stories. Both literature give readers the smooth and tardily transition throughout the twaddle, and then leave the readers with disappointing and jaw dropping details in the end. Both of Chopins stories portray typical women who have diametric wants and needs and emphasize their continued life struggles.In A Pair of Silk Stockings, fifteen dollars has been enough to bring Mrs. Sommers back to her historical and enjoy the life she employ to have. Although, the items that she has purchasedwill stay with her, that does non change the f minute that the moment she leaves the job car she will have to go back to her family and face the life that she is difficult to escape from. In Chopins story Desirees Baby, Armand express his love for his wife Desiree, not displaying any signs racism.He made it clear that her unknown previous(prenominal) does not matter to him. All of that changed the moment they had a passwo rd who show traces of African ancestry. Armand rejected Desiree, so the devastated young mother left LAbri with her son and both of them were never have seen again.In both stories, the author uses many literary techniques to express how pride and selfishness can turn someone into a contrary person. Chopins symbolism is very rich in description and filled with conceal meanings, which makes both of the stories very extraordinary. The first part of the story makes clear around Mrs. Sommers love for her Family that has changed the moment she temporarily leaves her reality in order to live and nip her past. In this short story, Chopin presents the message clearly to her readers how much Mrs. Sommers wants to escape from reality.In A Pair of Silk Stockings the fifteen dollars she accumulates represents her better days, (2) which is the past life she has been missing. The silk stockings are utilize many times to symbolize luxuries, and the different 2 shades of stockings are made vis ible by Chopin to represent life pleasures, freedom, and happiness some lavender, some all black (2). Mrs. Sommers abandoning her present life is clear when Chopin makes the statement of exchanging her like stockings (2) to her new silk ones (2).In the story, author uses symbols significant on how the protagonist used to liveher life. She uses the shabby old (2) to describe her shopping bag, which resembles to her current life status. Gloves and expensive magazines represent glamour where there are wide choices of pleasant things, (3). Mrs. Sommers realizes that her life forward was better than what she thought it was.Narrator expresses the conclusion of what Mrs. Sommers thinks about her life before The damask was even more spotless than it had seemed (4). Lastly, the cable car represents her ride towards her better days. Author sadly exposes the protagonists thoughts ofnot wanting to return home, wishing for the cable car to never stop and keep going go on and on with her forev er (5).All the symbolism in the story expresses Mrs. Sommers longing for her past life, her better days (1) which can be no longer part of her future. Chopins use of her symbols tried to give the readers the clearest message possible. The brilliant use of symbolism in Desirees Baby sends message to the readers about the sensitivity of the subject racism back in the days, when the story is set. Chopin uses colors to tell the story of the vulcanized fibers backgrounds.The albumen race was presented by the yellownurse, (2) and she use La Blanches little quadroon boys (3) to represent mixed race or bi-racial. LAbri and Madame Valmonde are also used to symbolize human feelings and behavior.The LAbri, is the plantation owned by Aubigny family. The LAbri symbolizes sadness and Chopin elaborates that when Madame Valmonde visits Desiree and describes the plantation as a sad looking place (2), with hemorrhoid of solemn oaks (2). Desirees mother, Madame Valmonde, is used to symbolize uncondi tional love. She asks her daughter to come home after all 3 the heartaches Armand is causing her. The story turns out that Armands mother has a darksecret, and that Armand is the bi-racial one and not Desiree.Throughout the story, Chopin uses symbolism to communicate to readers and show how race can be a big eject and can change someones life in a snap during the latter nineteenth century. The author also uses foreshadowing and gave hints and clues in both of the stories. It creates suspense and makes the readers wonder what will the ending of the story can be. Chopin uses the first paragraph in A Pair of Silk Stockings to show some hints on what fifteen dollars can do to Mrs. Sommers. In this case, the author foreshadows the arrival of Mrs.Sommers in the store stating her exhaustion. However, the moment she realized that she is feeling the texture of the silk stockings, she describe it as soft, sheeny idealistic things (2) and glide serpent-like through her fingers (2). Chopin us es the description serpent-like (2) to hint temptation. This effectively foreshadows the actions presented by Mrs. Sommers in the story. Where, she falls for the temptation and end up buying luxurious things all for herself. In Desirees Baby, Chopin uses foreshadowing to give readers a clue about the hidden mystery of who is of biracial descent in the story.Chopin describes Desiree in her soft fresh muslins and laces (2) in her first appearance in the story. Another hint stated as Desiree had not changed the thin white garment (5), the color white foreshadows Desirees background. Clues reveals in the end of the story that Desiree is of white decent. However, the technique used to reveal Armands bloodline or history is the same with how the author reveals of Desirees.Chopin used Armands dark, handsome face (3), and Look at my hand whiter than yours, Armand, (4) the foreshadowing in the story made it not a surprise when Armand read hismothers garner and discovered the truth behind h is sons questionable race, that he is bi-racial and not Desiree. 4 Both stories of Chopin sets up the conflicts of situations in the beginning, and irony is easily present in the end. Both literatures leave the readers with great lesson to learn.Ironic situation is when Mrs. Sommers ponders for days if she would invest or spend the fifteen dollars, she did not wish to act hastily, to do anything she might afterward regret (1). That night, she firm to spend the money for her children, and even envision her kids to look nicely anddainty (1). However, it is ironic that after she touches the silk stockings, she decided to give herself a treat and end up spending all her money on luxuries for herself, leaving nothing for her children.Another irony, when Chopin described the protagonist Mrs. Sommers as was one who knew the value of bargains who could stand for hours making her way inch by inch toward the desired object that was selling below cost, (1) when in fact, Mrs. Sommers ended up buying nothing but expensive items. She never worry about the price and she purchase items quickly,impulsively.However, in Desirees Baby, the irony is that throughout the story Armand is blind, not knowing his history and the family secret. Racism sets up the story to draw a jaw dropping details and give their readers a shocking ending. In the beginning of the story, race does not seem to matter to Armand. He accused Desiree of lying about her ancestry. After pushing his wife and son away, Armand discovers a letter that reveals his family background that his mother, who adores him, belongs to the race that is cursed with the brand of slavery (6).The detail aboutArmands race is intentionally placed in the end of the story, Chopin finds that effective, where readers tend to feel hate and anger towards Armand for being prejudice. He blamed and pushed Desiree away, when he is the one with black race in his bloodline. The point of view differs, in how each of the stories is told.Chopin uses third-person modified omniscient in A Pair of Silk Stockings, so readers knows the thoughts and feelings of 5 Mrs. Sommers, but readers are not provided with details and thoughts of the other characters. Characters in the story whose thoughts are not provided Waiter that served Mrs.Sommers, Lady at the Theater, and the Man inside the cable car. However, In Desirees Baby, Chopin uses third person point of view but reveals the thoughts and feelings of every character in the story, both Armand and Desiree.Chopin written some of Desirees feelings to know how exactly the young Mother feels there was something in the air menacing her peace (3) and Desiree was wretched enough to die (3). Both stories provided enough thoughts to give readers some details to analyze each characters feelings and dilemma. The theme of the story A Pair of Silk Stockings centers on how nation become selfishand self-centered. In Desirees Baby, the story shows how people are capable of doing evil things to gain power and freedom.Kate Chopin, who uses the literary techniques to help readers expose the mysteries hidden in each of her short stories. Author portray A Pair of Silk Stockings and Desirees Baby both beautifully. Both stories serves the readers moral lesson and of run-in surprising ending. Works cited Chopin, Kate. A Pair of Silk Stockings. Americanliterature. com. Web. 14 Oct. 2013. Chopin, Kate. Desirees Baby. Americanliterature. com. Web. 14 Oct. 2013.

Carpentry: Wood and Tree House

Kayla Allison Markwood H English 12 18 March 2011 Carpentry Working with wood is a skill that has been around since man created his set-back tool. From wood meshings beginnings, it has developed enormously, but in its essence, the tools and techniques our contemporary carpenters use today argon the same as those used in the St one Age. The Bureau of crowd Statistics defines carpenters as people who construct, erect, inst each(prenominal) and rep transport structures and fixtures make from wood and other materials. This trade has an extensive history, an expansive modern field, and with it, I plan to digit a corner menage, thus making a difference in a kids life. The term carpentry comes from the Late Latin term carpentum which gist two-wheeled vehicle. The wood campaigners of the Roman Empire built the chariots that allowed the fast travel. They also built the foundation for early highways, between which concrete cement was laid. The innovative ideas of these go awayers allow ed for the Romans to conquer and build such a vast empire.The woodworkers were thus named carpenters. Carpentry began many years ago and emerged from nations all over the world. Early Europeans created long, wooden homes from planks of wood that measured up to one hundred feet. A Stone Age city from nine thousand years ago created their buildings from mud bricks, supported by posts and beams. The remnants of these buildings have allowed modern scholars to reckon the way carpentry has evolved over years and across the different cultures of the nations. The first known citys population, who personifyd until at least 5600 B. C. lived in a unified series of structures that all linked to winher like a giant fort they had heavy support beams in the walls and for a roof, smaller beams, reeds and jammed mud. About thirty-seven centuries ago, on the island of Crete, in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea, the natives used wooden columns with a downward taper (opposite of those later made popular by the Greeks) and stone and mud-brick walls to construct the Palace of Knossos, home of the labyrinth ho development the fabled Minotaur. One very notable accomplishment was the early Egyptians of four thousand B. C. who were already using copper and surface tools for woodworking.These people were proficient in some of the modern techniques we use now, such as drilling, dovetailing, which is a tight interlocking crossroads made by using a fan-shaped tenon fitted into a corresponding mortise, mitering, which is creating a diagonal seam at a corner in order to stag a right angle, and mortising, or cutting squ atomic number 18 or rectangular holes, into the lumber. In the twelfth century, carpenter ball clubs began to form. There were three kinds of member in the guild masters, journeymen and apprentices. The master carpenter would have a lot of experience and had the ability to take in an apprentice to whom he could pass on his knowledge.The apprentice would live with the master, train with him and would receive food, clothing, shelter and the masters wisdom in lieu of a paycheck. After a long comely period of time, anyplace between five and nine years, the apprentice could continue on and become a journeyman. He could then work for payment, start his own shop, and after gaining enough experience would take on an apprentice himself and would thus become a master. The carpenters guilds were the beginning roots that would eventually grow into our modern jade unions and associations.The first Carpenter unions began in 1724 which helped regulate hours and pay for workers and allow for benefits and assistance for the unemployed member workers. After the first Industrial Revolution, a few modifications were made to the basic carpentry tools for greater efficiency, but they retained many of the same characteristics from the original contrive, most of which we still use today. Axes, hatchets and other thick blades were common for chopping wood, only as it is now. Chisels, which are tools with a sharp beveled edge, originated back then, as did the gouge, which is a chisel with a concavo-convex cross-section.Different kinds of saws were originated for different purposes and mallets, which are small, rubber hammers, and large metal hammers were also just as popular in the Middle Ages as they are now. In every modern carpenters garage or personal workshop, there are a few tools that are indispensable for almost every digest, whether it be large or small. The first one of these is the part circular saw. This is a power-driven saw in which a circular disc with a toothed edge that rotates at a high speed. It is especially useful when used to cut across grains of wood on large or thick planks of wood.Another important tool to have is the nail gun. It uses compressed air to drive the nails into the wood. This saves both on work time and on energy levels, but as long as there is a basic hammer, it leave aloneing do the trick. The pow er drill is of life-su disgraceing importance. Also called a pneumatic drill, it drills holes through the wood and attaches or detaches screws. Another necessity is the router, which is used to create hollowed areas in wood. It has a shaped cutter and can cut grooves into the wood. Another basic, but necessary, carpentry tool is the level. This is a device that helps the carpenter ensure the final project has straight edges.The old fashioned levels had two to four foot bars with a glass tube with a line on it in it. The newer levels, which are much more accurate, improved and user-friendly, are digital. Every offer rents a tape measure, even for non-carpentry uses, but it is very important in a carpenters toolbox to have a tape measure so he or she can measure everything out accurately. The last vital thing to have in your toolbox is a framing square. Framing squares are steel L-shaped squares that are very simple, but very important as it helps you lay out accurate right angles. Modern carpenters build all different things and use various materials, but true to their profession work primarily work with wood. There are a few popular kinds of woods often used by carpenters three of these include ash, pine, and oak. Ash is usually found in northern latitudes. The color is greenish white when its young, but after it has matured, the older trees have turned into a dark, beautifully marked timber. Pine is a blanket term for all trees that bear cones, but it can be broadly distinguished into Red/Yellow (both of which are indifferently used) or White.The first kind has a ground color of yellow with pale red markings across it, whereas the other kind is a whitish color, hence the given names. oak is another commonly used wood among carpenters. The best place to find Oak is in America and Great Britain. The grain of the wood considerably open, or porous, however it is extremely hard and durable. This makes it difficult to work and can dull a workers tools very easil y, but because of its durability, it makes for ideal medium to work with for building folks, floors, staircases, doors, wall panels, tables, chairs, sideboards, and other pieces of furniture.It is dark in color and can be polished to a high sheen. The same basic steps are almost continuously used when getting ready before starting a job by all carpenters for the most part. They start by designing, if it is necessary to, and laying out their project this includes all of the measuring, marking and arranging of the materials that urgencys to be done. After that, the carpenter leave alone then cut and shape all of the materials, using a combination of his or her hand and power tools. The next step is to join the items together. This can be done by nails, staples or glue.To attach the accuracy in the final project, it is necessary to implement the tape measure and framing square through the entire process. Many carpenters do different carpentry tasks, but a lot of them specialize in one or two tasks. Those who remodel homes for instance, use a wide variety of skills. They will need to know how to do everything from building countertops to window frames. Others market themselves as experts in their specific fields, such as cabinet installation or moldings. Working as a carpenter can be stressful physically and mentally.The physical demands can involve standing for a long time, climbing, bending, kneeling and more. There is always a risk of getting hurt from slipping or dropping from the roof or off a l join oner or one could get seriously injured from working with the dangerous tools. As far as mentally, carpenters will usually work under independent contracts and with these can come a strict deadline. They usually average about 40 hours per week, which can also be stressful on the mind and body. About thirty-two percent of carpenters are self-employed. According to CollegeBoard, the average income of self-employed carpenters is $43,640.In this economy, self-em ployment can be hit or miss, but my good friends Paul and Samuel Jobe, who own Jobes Carpentry, and have inspired me with their made business and have helped in increasing my interest in the trade. I was influenced into studying carpentry for my senior project for a variety of reasons. I crawl in taking things apart to rebuild them and learning how things work. This trait is a testimony to my manual dexterity and the way my mind thinks mechanically. I think carpentry would be a creative and interesting way for me to express these skills and something I would enjoy.Another incentive that has drawn my interest has been that I really think it would be interesting to study the trade Jesus practiced, as part of my own walk of faith in an attempt to grow closer with Him. I wanted my project to arrogate more than my own life I want to make a difference for someone, so I decided to rebuild a tree house that belongs to my 9 year old friend, Sam Ritner. The Ritners have had the tree house for longer than Ive known them. They had it for their older sons who have long out bounteous it. It is now falling part to the point that it is barely recognizable for what it truly is. I know that by rebuilding it, I will not only enjoy the work and the experience, but it will create a fun and exciting place for Sam and his friends to hang out which is fulfillment in itself. Making that sort of partake on a childs life would mean the world to me. To begin, Ill first go out to the tree house and evaluate the damage. decent now, it does not have a roof or walls anymore. I will then clear out all the ivy and debris thats grown up around it and take the measurements needed for the final project.As I previously mentioned, my friend, Samuel Jobe, is a carpenter and he has agreed to help me out through the design process and aid me in picking out the materials I need to complete it. This includes the measuring, marking and arranging the materials. After drawing up the blueprints for th e tree house and taking a trip to the hardware store for all of our supplies, well begin the actual construction on the tree house. First, Ill stabilize the floor with crossbeams. The tree house currently has only one crossbeam still supporting the floor. I plan on installing at least two or three crossbeams in order to add more support to the floor.Then, Ill remake the ladder. The ladder currently is missing a step and is very unstable. I plan on making the ladder by putting two pieces of wood on either side, and putting at least three or four smaller pieces for steps in the middle. Next, Ill construct the framework and the support system of the house. As of right now, there is no framework on the tree house there is only a platform. I will pre-fabricate the frame on the ground so I dont need to try to construct it in the air. I plan on using brackets to screw the uprights of the frame to the floor.Then, I will erect the walls. At least one of the walls will have a window built in. I will use plywood for the walls and cover them in stucco or another guinea pig of siding. Then, I will make the roof. It will be a pitched roof, so rain water will easily roll off the top. To seal it and protect it from water, I will attach felt over a thin plywood base and then cover it with shingles. Also with applying these materials, we will add a waterproof stain as the first primer coat to the wood. Afterwards, I will put in the door and install the shutters of the windows.The window will be a rectangular window and will have a cross in the middle with shutters extending to the outsides of the window. Finally, I will put an outdoor stain on the wood as paint. It will be a dark brown color and will go over the waterproof stain that had been previously coated. The shutters will be painted dark forest green to add to the ambiance of the tree house. This will be sure to make the tree house as waterproof as possible, while also adding style and making it stand out. While buildi ng the tree house, I will photograph the process. This will include the before and after shots as well as pictures of it being constructed.The action shots will include me sawing the wood, drilling, and painting along with other challenging tasks. I will compile all of the pictures and create a scrapbook to bring in for my presentation to the judges. Carpentry is an interesting subject that has been practiced for thousands and thousands of years, since man created tools. To be using a craft that has been such an influence on the development of civilization and to be using it for to brighten a kids day makes the cause behind it so worthwhile. This project means a lot to me and I am proud to present it as my final project of high school.

Negative Effect of Devolution

Negative effects The implementation of the local government in 1992 provided the impetus for local government units to assume greater roles and responsibilities in bringing nearly socio-economic development for their respective constituents. This is in view of the devolution in the provision of basic service such as health, social welfare, socialized housing, agricultural extension, touristry development, among others, from the national to local governments. The devolution of health services of the Department of Health (DOH) to the local government units was consonance with the national goals.The national vision signals the initial look for local communities as well as an opportunity for local government units to manage their respective health services in the most effective and in force(p) manner. Considering these meritorious objectives to attain the national vision, the devolution process also posed problems for the DOH and the local government units, particularly on the inadeq uate monetary resources to commence vigorous health service deli precise programs.In Cotabato City, the constraint of insufficient budgetary resources was only one of the problems faced by the local government in the provision of effective and efficient ranged from the geographic location of its barangays, economic status of its population, inadequate health manpower and facilities, and pre-LGC (Local Government Code) situation. The location of the barangays and economic status of the population. masses of various ethnic origins (Tboili, Blaan, Tagabili, Ubo and Tasaday) coming from as far as Aparri to Tawi-tawi populate the city of Cotabato.Majority of its population is composed of the Maguindanaoan tribe and people from the Visayan regions. Cotabato, as a participant in the Integrated Community Health Services Project (ICHSP) was included in the Local Health Accounts pilot phase as one of six provinces where local financial data was collected. About 60 percent of the population is composed of marginal farmers and fisherfolks, seasonal job workers, unskilled squat and jobless individuals. Those belonging to this group live within the poverty threshold level as they earn an average gross family income of php6,000 and below per month.The remaining 40 percent accounts for the middle and high-income groups. This implies that majority of the people living in Cotabato are poor and disadvantaged and, therefore, most wanting of health and other basic services from the government. Accessibility and Transportation Constraints. The citys geographical feature makes talking to of health services a major challenge to the local government. Brooks. Rivulets and creeks of various sizes criss-cross and hide the city in all directions. Eight barangays can only be reached by water transportation.Three other barangays are not easily kind by public transportation. Before its special project on health and sanitation, the city has been providing health care at the Main Health concentrate and eleven satellite stations. However, people in remote areas cannot avail of these services because of transportation difficulties. Inadequate Financial and Budgetary Resources. The Office of Health Services (OHS) had very limited financial resources. Its regular budget was just ssufficient to click personal services and maintenance and operating expenses.Inadequate Health Manpower and Facilities. Due to financial constraint the OHS could not put up additional health facilities and employ much needed additional health personnel. Prior to its special project on health and sanitation, the city has only 11 health stations regularly manned by midwives. In terms of manpower, the OHS had only 39 regular personnel. These consisted of 4 doctors, 6 nurses, 11 midwives, 1 dentist, 1 medical technologist, 8 sanitary inspectors and 8 non-technical and administrative personnel.Such health facilities and manpower have been inadequate to cover the entire household in the city Adve rse Pre-implementation Health Station. Until 1993, major health statistics and conditions indicate the need to give more focus in the delivery of basic preventivehealth servies to the constituent of Cotabato City, particularly to the disadvantaged groups living in the remote barangays. Based on the National Statistics Coordination Boards (NSCB) data for 1990, the citys infant deathrate rate was 44. 0 per 1,000 live births while maternal mortality rate was 182. 8 per 100,000 livebirths.

Human Resources & Labor Unions

The Impact of Labor craunch fraternitys in the hospitality applicationAbstract Labor heart and souls in the join States have protected employee rights and avails for several decades. tender Resources play an essential office staff in the work place in dealing with labor unions. Unions represent thousands of workers and employees throughout the nation in an effort to fight for piece rights and equality in the work force. Negotiations argon then met through the dedication of these unions that allow for a bon ton to provide higher wages, adequate benefits, and better working conditions to employees around the world.This chronicle will explain the importance of unions and the role they play in todays economy and work force and how a business can detain union free. Introduction When deciding on which c arr path to take and what corporation to work for doing substantial research on benefits, wages, and the working conditions of that particular company is essential. What most people do not realize is what it took for those benefits to be created. History reflects the changes in employee benefits and working conditions back to the 19th century.During this time farm workers began working in mines and factories facing terrible working conditions and health risks. Women and children to a fault worked under the same conditions with lesser wages. In an attempt to fight against these working conditions, workers would gather to strike and stand firm for change and to be a voice for their communities. The effects of these protests and strikes in the work force made way for the Industrial Revolution allowing for the birth of labor unions.Labor unions are organizations formed by employees and workers around the world from various industries. The unions unite in an effort to bargain and protect employee benefits, wages, and fight for better working conditions. straight off, several unions are in existance in mutliple industries to protect employee rights and work hand in hand with human resources managers. One union, for example, is the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees International Union (hither), that united with the Union of Needletrades, Industrial, and framework Employees (UNITE) to create UNITE HERE.UNITE HERE is an organization that protects members in the hospitality industry and is in conjunction with The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, also known as AFL-CIO. The ALF-CIO is the largest federation of unions representing workers in the hotel, gaming, food service, manufacturing, textile, distri barelyion, laundry, and airport industries. UNITE HERE has fought to create jobs and change low-wage jobs to higher paying jobs deep down these industries. (Unite here, 2012) Human resources practices have advanced since workers began to unionize.Managers were now challenged with the demands of labor unions and were forced to face union representatives rather than dealing with employees directly about issues such as wages, benefits, and grievance. The struggle amongst labor unions and companies still continues and it is in the convenience of both unions and corporations to have an reasonableness and functional relationship with one another for peace and equality within working quarters. The History of Labor Unions Workers in the United States are facing a number of difficulties, said Daniel J.B. Mitchell, a professor emeritus of public policy at UCLA. Job security, healthcare, retirement funds we havent seen such levels of uncertainty since the Great Depression. (Lazarus, 2012) Dating back to the 19th century, this is when businesses began to change from household agriculture into the mine industry and implement operated labor factories. Due to the changes and intense job conditions labor unions began to form in an effort to bargain for better rights. Strikes took place, resulting in conflict between workers and employers.The most powerful of the unions creation cre ated at the time was the American Federation of Labor union due to its focus on higher wages and improved working conditions for its members. Miners in the mining industry were faced with long working hours, unsafe working conditions and were poorly paid. Most lived in company towers where doctors, schools, and law enforcement were provided by the actual companies in an effort to control the workers. Companies maintained an oppressive working environment, prohibiting workers from talking or gathering, to discourage the creation of unions. (Habashi, 2011) In 1890 the Unite Mine Workers of America was founded representing workers in the mining sector that fought for collective bargaining. During 1933 and 1936, President Franklin Roosevelts New Deal was created protecting the rights of labor unions and prohibited employers from firing workers who took part in union activities. Labor Unions Today The work force has become extremely competitive over the past decade due to the drop in the economy. Union members are found to be in an advantage being that in some cases they earn a higher wage than a non-union worker.But this higher salary does not mean firm pay raises. (Sherk, 2009) The Hilton Hotel in Glendale, California is one prime example of the relate unions can have on workers today. For over a year a classify of 30 or more employees from the hotel met in secrecy in an effort to form a union against the hotels low wages, overworked staff, and unorganized labor. This would become an more or less four year battle against the Hilton Hotel. In 2005, with the help of UNITE HERE, the Rising Workers Campaign was launched against the hotel.Hilton attempted to soften the matter and come to an agreement by whirl 50-cent pay increases and a promotion to a cook to become a kitchen key leader. This was not enough for the workers. What Hilton in Glendale did not know was that UNITE HERE had signed a national neutrality agreement with the Hilton Corporation in 2006, but it solitary(prenominal) applied to sites Hilton actually owned and operated. Because the Hilton in Glendale was a come apart entity owned and operated by Eagle Hospitality, which ran 12 other hotels across the country, UNITE HERE went in for a boycott of Eagle Hospitality properties instead.Picketers targeted Eagle Hospitality hotels across Los Angeles weekly for 18 months until a settlement was agreed upon. From that day on the whole hotel changed, Angela Reid a bartender at the Hilton said. It wasnt even the same hotel anymore. (Gaus, 2008) another(prenominal) example of how unions impact the work force is with the Industrial Workers of the World Union (IWW) and its involvement in supporting all industries. Industrial Workers of the World believes in organizing all workers by producing the same goods or providing the same services into one union, rather than dividing workers by skill or trade. About the IWW, 2011) Industrial Workers of the World began organizing Starbucks Work ers Union (SWU) in 2003. Starbucks Workers Union unlike other unions is an example of solidarity unionism, meaning they take direct action against Starbucks Company without involvement from the government or a union representative. The Starbucks Workers Union has done just that successfully. (Tanyeri, 2011) Working together, we have won improvements in wages and working conditions and remedied individual grievances with management. (Starbucks workers union, 2012) Labor Unions and Their Impact in the Hospitality Industry A major labor union impacting the hospitality industry is UNITE-HERE. This is the Needle Trades Union (UNITE) and the Hotel and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE) that merged together to fight for the rights of the workers in the hospitality industries. The hotels and casinos, and restaurants, etc. , in hospitality industry argue that UNITE HERE is unlawful at times. They claim that some of the UNITE HERE actions range from harassment to criminal.The invasion of priv ate property and increased noise level by picketers is something the companies argue against. Union representatives can come to the office and demand to see the higher-ups. No law says they have to be let in. (Howe, 2012) UNITE HEREs ultimate goal is to help as many people as possible. D. Taylor, Secretary-Treasurer of the Nevada culinary Workers Union and executive committee member of UNITE HERE, interviewed with Casino Journal about his outlook for the economy and the hospitality industry during the ongoing recession the United States has faced.He touches on health coverage and agrees that every individual can surely pay for their own private health coverage given they were employed. With the amount of workers being laid off though, how are they supposed to manage these costs he asks. Also, with the amount of workers being laid off in an effort to save on labor costs, how are businesses supposed to offer adequate customer service. Its a real dilemma, says Taylor. (Taylor, 2009) O n the other hand, UNITE HERE not only supports workers in fighting for their rights, it also launched a public website in an attack against Motel 6 franchises.UNITE HERE stated that Motel 6 was falling short of service standards and criminate them of not having the ability to survive in this industry. Motel 6 replied in defense of their corporation stating that they have good standing relationships with their franchisees and will continue to grow in the years to come. They odor attacked by UNITE HERE and even stated having opened 50 new franchises in the year 2008. (Unite here raises, 2009) The impact that unions can have in the hospitality industry as any industry can range from positive impacts for workers and negative impacts on business.How to Remain Union Free The time to communicate openly and treat employees the right way is every day, says Rick Van Warner, senior partner and principal at parquet floor Public Affairs in Orlando. Warners theory is quite simple and direct. H e states if union laws and agreements are automatically followed companies do not risk attacks from workers and unions. His declare oneself on remaining union free is to establish an open communication with management and employees. He advises to never assume all management is treating staff fairly. utterance is key and constant communication.Explaining employee costs and benefits regularly is also essential because again assumption that the staff knows this type of information is not recommended. Opportunities for job advancement within a company and offering safe and non-intimidating working conditions will keep employees happy and allow them to feel that they also have a voice at their work place to discuss any matters that may arise. (Tanyeri, 2011) Summary Labor unions throughout the course of history have played an integral part in the business world and protection of employee rights.Beginning with the 19th century and the worker strike forces, the progress in employee right s over the past century has drastically improved. Labor unions are here to protect the rights of workers and be a voice so there is not any wrong doing on behalf of a business. Maintaining a clear understanding and functioning relationship with union representatives is in the best interest of the business and human resources management. By having an established understanding and abiding by union labor law companies avoid accusations from unions and workers.Employees will remain happy and grow productively with the help and support of their employer, which usually results in a flourishing business. Conclusion I believe that unions offer a positive balance in the business world. Without unions the exploitation of workers would still exist. It takes a higher force to fight for protection of human rights and see results. The progress of employee benefit packages and wages has come a long way just in the past decade alone. As an active employee in hospitality for the past 10 years wages alone have risen.The history in labor unions set a stepping-stone for our society in creating self-confidence amongst our generation to protect our rights as workers. In my research, I found it very devastating to learn the living and working conditions workers had in the 19th century. It made me feel extremely fortunate to be a part of this generation and have the opportunities given to me in our society. Companies still have a long way to go, but as Van Warner mentioned in my last article section, the time to treat employees right is everyday.If businesses would stop the ultimate focus on the worth of a clam for profit only and put some of that effort into staff and working environments it would only result in an employee taking pride of their job. A happy employee path excellent customer service, which brings in returning customers and increased revenue. The earlier case with the Hilton Hotel in Glendale, California is a result of faulty practices by management. The staff was not happy. They did not feel well compensated or valued for their work. And with the case of theMotel 6, they received bad media for not following through with the service standards they are inevitable to abide by. Remaining union free may take effort and even money, but in the long shot is only in the benefit of the business longevity in the work force. Overall, in the years to come there will be new laws and hopefully more improvements to our working industries and peculiarly the hospitality industry. References * About the iww. (2011, July 3). Retrieved from http//www. iww. org/en/about * Taylor, D. D. (2009). Keeping up the Fight. Casino Journal, 22(6), 28-29 * Gaus, M. 2008, After four years of struggle Hotel workers rising campaign pays off in L. A. Labor Notes, (352), 5-5. http//ezproxy. fiu. edu/login? url=http//search. proquest. com/docview/203683040? accountid=10901 * Habashi, F. (2011, February). Social problems in the mining industry a historical essay (part 1). CIM M agazine, 6(1), Retrieved from http//www. cim. org/bulletin/bulletinlive/articles_print. cfm? Issue_ID=992&Type=1&row=2&Segment_ID=46&hide=1 * Howe, J. T. (2012, March). When your venue faces union trouble peaceful gatherings are the ultimate goal for all.Meetings & Conventions, 47(3), 26. Retrieved from http//go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA283705823&v=2. 1&u=flstuniv&it=r&p=PPTH&sw=w * Lazarus, D. (2012, April 27). As its power wanes, is there a future for organized labor? . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved from http//www. lexisnexis. com/hottopics/lnacademic/ * Sherk, J. (2009, May 21). What unions do How labor unions strike jobs and the economy. Retrieved from http//www. heritage. org/research/reports/2009/05/what-unions-do-how-labor-uni ons-affect-jobs-and-the-economy * Starbucks workers union. (2012). Retrieved from http//www. tarbucksunion. org/about * Tanyeri, D. (2011). How to stay union-free. Restaurant Business, 110(11), 50. * Tanyeri, D. (2011, November 1). Unions r ising. Retrieved from http//web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? emailprotected&vid=1&hid=24 * Unite here. (2012). Retrieved from http//www. unitehere. org/about/ * UNITE HERE Raises Questions About the Competitiveness of Accors Motel 6 Franchise. (2009, January 13). Business Wire. Retrieved from http//go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA191957986v=2. 1u=flstunivit=rp=PPTHsw=w

Double consciousness

W. E. B Du Bois The Souls of Black Folk is a the right way and engaging explication on the condition of the American Negro. The article traces the problems of African Americans assay with indistinguishability in white-based America and the seemingly impossible task to carving a unique identity and self-consciousness. It is, as he nones, a history of this strife, this longing to attain self- conscious manhood, to merge his twofold self into a better and truer self. Introduced in this line is the concept of a double consciousness. Du Bois believes that being black has been both a blessing and a curse since one was born with a veil but also knowing with second-sight. The world does not award the Negro a true self-consciousness for his sense of self is endlessly reflection of how others see him a refracted image of oneself that has been dictated and distorted by others with amused contempt and pity. An American Negro therefore feels a sense of duality with two warring ideals i n one begrimed body. Yet the task to transcend that double consciousness and find union between two dualities is a difficult one for it is a painful journey of doubt and confusion in seeking double aims and unreconciled ideals. The American Negro needs to speak the language of the whites and accept their culture yet not be ashamed of his own. He must yet recognise that in order for there to be an emancipated future, the American Negro needs the knowledge of the white world which was Greek to his own cast and blood and for a culture he rightly belongs, he could not articulate the message. Martin Luther male monarch jr. , arguably the most renowned of African Americans, is perhaps an apt example of the double consciousness and the struggle of the American Negro Du Bois writes of. In his desire to advance the rights of African Americans, end racial segregation and discrimination, King needed to speak the language of the white person and ironically share the ideals of liberty and f reedom in advance(p) by white Anglo-Saxon society. Yet King saw that it was necessary in the name of this the put down of their fathers fathers, and in the name of human opportunity.

Toyota Quality Management

Name of organization Toyota Motor Corporation (TMC), commonly known as Toyota in the stock markets. Japanese Toyota is multinational auto duper headquartered in Toyota, Aichi, Japan. The connection was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda, as a spinoff from his fathers company, Toyota Industries, to seduce automobiles. In July 2012 the company reported that it had manufactured its 200 jillionth vehicle. Background/overview of organization Size of company 300,734 employees worldwide as of 2012 Type of industry Automotive Manufacturing Product or service Largest automobile maker in the world.Brief synopsis of whole tone management processes Toyota prime(a) control, in the strict business sense, with monitor the means of production to ensure that the finished product meets a certain standard. There are numerate of different elements that are important for the control quality that which includes the skilled management, knowledge of the production process, and the motivation and sharpness of the workers at all levels. In general, Toyota makes sure that the quality of automobile remains the standard across the shape up in the manufacturing that involves the assembly line.Quality control is the general process that seeks out to bring together a wide variety of factors which helped to meet the standard set by Toyota. Introduction to the Problem Identify the Quality Issues that need to be addressed Vehicle recalls, November 2009 through 2010, Toyota recalled more than 9 million elevator cars and trucks worldwide in several recall campaigns, and briefly halted production and sales. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) regarding the speculative accelerator pedals issues in which in early 2010, Toyota paid the fines without an admission of wrong doing.The U. S. NHTSA, and Japanese Ministry of Transport agree been involved in the investigations with the driver error or pedal misapplication was found responsible for or so of the incidents. This include d sticking accelerator pedals, and pedals caught under floor mats. Through the years Toyota Motor Corporation has seen major growth throughout their timeline hierarchy. Toyotas growth can be attributed to Toyotas company orientation and that is recognizing the consumers demands, having the right products in view to meet these demands.Opportunities Since Toyotas massive vehicle recalls, Toyotas management implemented new initiatives that included equipping all 2011 and in store(predicate) vehicles with Smart Stop Technology, and enhanced event data rec modulates. Toyota also launched a preparation center that pass on be utilized just for quality training, and training team members in customer first practices. These initiatives and training will evolve Toyota Motor Corporation back on top as the leading quality car manufacturer. Toyota is taking an approach to what it calls performance-based facilities management (PBFM).PBFM is facility management with a twist, were the counseli ng will be on more what needs to be through with(p), then leaving the decisions to the employees that are doing the work. This will allow Toyota to pop off more time looking at the strategic planning as opposed to the micro-managing what the company has done in the past. Throughout the years Toyotas Total Quality Management (TQM) has been its strength year after year, taking numerous quality awards. Along with quality, Toyota pioneered their own lean system called Toyota Production System (TPS) which identifies and reduces/eliminates waste and pas seul in processes.Managing product quality was Toyota Motor Corporations consider to gaining market share over other U. S. car manufacturers but recently, during the conk out few years, Toyotas product quality has been somewhat dismal with over 5. 3 million vehicles recalled since 2009 and 2010 due to safety issues. Possible Quality Management Initiative Lean Principles Today, Toyota is not so a lot focused on automobile production like it was back in the 1970s. Instead Toyota is focused on creating a continuous and uninterrupted flow in operations.Thus, for many of their processes, they are continually striving toward a target condition of a single or one-piece flow, sometimes known as make one, move one. Where this can be achieved, work-in process are naturally reduced and velocity is drastically increased as a result of the single-piece transfer batch size. Managing Quality Quality is an integral focus of operations management. Quality offers companies a way of enhancing their competiveness and strategic position in the marketplace.Recently, with more and more companies evaluate the importance of quality, it has become both an order qualifier and, if lacking, an order loser. Product quality was Toyota Motor Corporations claim to gaining market share over other U. S. car manufacturer but recently in the last few years the product quality Toyota hung their hat on, shattered like broken glass, and in order for Toyota Motor Corporation to regain 75 plus years of quality excellence, that was shattered these last few years, Toyota needs to recognize that it once again need to qualitatively improve on its supply filament management processes.